How does this sermon inform our understanding of God's kingdom, being a witness, and living in community together?
Their Conflicts Within and Without: Acts 15:30-41
Their Hardships: Acts 14:8-23
Their Titles and Identity: Acts 11:19-30
Their Sovereign God's Mysterious Ways: Acts 4:23-31
Their Message: Acts 3:1–26
Their Counter-Cultural Character (Acts 2:36-47)
God's Everlasting Love
Notes for March 30-31
Romans 8:31-39
Biblical Background
God is for His people: Throughout the Old Testament, the writers often spoke of God being “for” or “with” His people (Ps. 56:9; Is 33;21; Ez 34:30). God takes on the cause of those who are a part of His flock or nation.
Inherit all things: Abraham was told that he would inherit the land – this was interpreted by the rabbis to mean that the descendants of Abraham would one day be given the entire earth or all things. This idea of the people of God being given someday the entire earth or all things could refer to the new heaven and the new earth in which the elect are given the new earth to care for and subdue.
Day of Atonement: In Judaism, the Day of Atonement is the day in which God foreshadowed the eventual atonement of sin in which He took on the sins of the world through the death and resurrection of His Son, Jesus Christ. God the Father, out of His great love for us, gave His most treasured Son, to die for us. God has vindicated, justified and set us free by His own work on our behalf.
Hardship Lists and Martyrdom: This was a common literary approach to demonstrate the trials and tribulations one had endured. In this case, Paul is giving us a list of hardships and trials, stating that none of these things can separate us from God’s love whether it be persecution, famine, nakedness, danger, or death by the sword. In other words, even martyrdom would not separate us from God.
Powers of Evil: Principalities, fallen angels or demons, ruling powers in this passage are the forces of evil which come against the believer. None of these will keep God’s love from reaching us, as nothing can separate us from God’s love.
Height and Depth: This could refer to the heavens and space (Heights) and the ocean and earth below (Depths) and is the image that we can never get far enough away that God’s love can’t reach us.
Chiasm in VV. 35-39: Paul has put together a literary structure (poetic form) in these verses in which there are parallel verses with a midpoint:
v. 35a: Who shall separate us from Christ’s love
v. 35b - 36: Shall tribulation, distress, persecution, famine, nakedness, sword, killed, sheep to be slaughtered?
v. 37: No, in all these things we are more than conquerors
v. 38 – 39b: For I’m certain, neither death, life, angels, rulers, things present or future, powers, height, depth
v. 39b: none of this will be able to separate us from the love of God in Christ Jesus
Discussion Questions
What are the questions being asked in this passage? Write them out.
Now what answers does Paul give to each of these questions?
Why does Paul raise these questions and then answer them? What is he trying to communicate?
How might the forces and hardships in vv. 38-39 try to interfere with our trust in God’s love for us?
Give examples as to how these forces may have disrupted your trust in God or been used to cast doubt in other people’s lives about God’s love for them.
How have you seen God at work in the midst of trials, and evil forces that have worked against you and your faith?
How can our faith in God and His love for us grow when attacked or in the midst of hardships? Explain and Give Examples.
What is Paul’s message to us from this passage?
How can this message of God’s undying, all-pursuing, conquering love for us reach our hearts and minds?
How does this message that nothing can separate you from Christ’s love impact the way that you pray, live, and share your faith?
What does it mean to be “more than conquerors through Christ Jesus”?
How might you communicate this message of God’s overpowering love for others to people in your family, neighborhood, church, and workplace?
How has this passage encouraged you?
The Promise and Warning About Christ’s Return
Notes for March 23-24
Matthew 25:31-46
Biblical Background
The Son of Man: Daniel 7:13-14 states that “the Son of Man” will come to earth and have dominion over all things. Here Jesus is stating that He is the Son of Man and He will come to judge and rule over all the earth. This is a strong Messianic title.
Sheep and Goats: In biblical times sheep and goats would graze together during the day, however, the shepherds would separate the sheep and goats at night since the goats needed to be together to stay warm in an enclosure while the sheep preferred the open air. Sheep were also more valuable than goats as their wool could be harvested as well as their meat and so they were cared for more carefully than goats. Thus the symbolism of the sheep and the goats being separated for judgment would not have been missed by the 1st century audience.
Right and Left Side: In the Middle East, the right side is the place of honor at the table. As well, the right place is the side of the righteous and the left for those who are wicked when it comes to judgment. Jesus is always spoken of as sitting or standing on the right hand side of the Father as a sign of honor.
Righteous Deeds: The acts of kindness and charity that Jesus describes are all parts of Jewish morality and religious life, although visiting those in prison wasn’t usually included.
Brothers and Sisters: In the context of this passage in Matthew – the brothers and sisters are those who are followers of Jesus. Thus there is a blessing that comes from caring for those who are Christians.
All Nations Judged: In the Old Testament, God is the judge of all nations, and sometimes nations are judged by the way they treat Israel. In this case, people are judged by the way they treat followers of Jesus, those who make up the Church.
Discussion Questions
Who is the “Son of Man”? What is His role in this story?
What are the six actions that Jesus uses to judge people?
What type of actions are these and for whom are they done?
How do these actions benefit the person being served? The person serving?
How are the people who do the acts of service the same as those who don’t? How are they different?
Who are “the least of these” in this story? Today in our society?
What does this story teach us about our responsibilities as followers of Jesus?
What are the judgments of the Son of Man in this story? Where do people end up?
What are the warnings given in this passage?
How would you summarize the teaching of Jesus in this passage?
When you were in need – hungry, sick, in prison, etc… - was there anyone who reached out to you? If so, describe how you felt?
What are the promises given in this passage?
Where does out church meet the needs of people in these six areas mentioned by Jesus?
Where do you feel called to serve the needs of others? Are there places that you’ve been avoiding to serve? If so, why?
The Promise and Warning about Unity and Oneness
Notes for March 16-17
Matthew 19:1-12
Biblical Background
Deuteronomy 24:1-4: This was the Old Testament passage debated by the Jewish teachers of the law regarding divorce. There were differing points of view. The school of Shammai argued that only on grounds of infidelity could a man divorce his wife. The school of Hillel was on the opposite side of the pendulum and argued that a man could divorce a woman for nearly any reason including burning the toast! Another commentator suggested that you divorce your wife if you found a more attractive woman.
Proof texting: In Jewish debate, one would find a biblical text to back your argument and then build a case of proof texts upon one another. Jesus does this in his response by going back to Genesis 2:24 as the grounding for his answer. This also showed Jesus’ trust in the authority of Scripture as God’s Word.
Concession: Jewish law allowed for “concessions,” areas of law in which something could be done as a way to control and regulate life, even if it wasn’t the ideal. Jesus uses this idea of “concession” in his statement regarding divorce. Divorce is never the ideal, however, in certain cases, due to the hardness of men’s hearts and sin, it is allowed in certain situations.
Jesus’ defense of women: The teachers of the law made it very difficult for a woman to divorce her husband, whereas it had become very easy for a husband to divorce his wife. Jesus’ position on divorce protects women from men who took divorce for granted and would easily divorce their wife and leave her destitute. His position puts men and women on equal grounding in these cases.
Arranged Marriages: Just as it is in many parts of the Middle East and India today, marriages in the biblical world were typically arranged by the parents.
Jesus on singleness: In the biblical world, marriage was the norm, however, Jesus upholds the value of singleness. He describes those who are born without sexual organs (eunuchs by birth), and also the practice that was abhorrent to the Jews, but used by other Middle Eastern cultures in which they would castrate a man to make him a eunuch so that they could be trusted in the courts around the kings’ harems. Jesus describes another type of singleness in which someone commits themselves to the work of the God’s kingdom and doesn’t marry in order to devote themselves to that work.
Discussion Questions
Is this question something that people ask today? Why? What was the motive behind the Pharisee’s question to Jesus?
How did Jesus respond to their question? Did he answer it directly? Why not?
What is the central point of the OT passages that Jesus quoted? Then what was Jesus’ answer to the Pharisee’s question?
Based on the Pharisee’s follow-up to Jesus’ response, what do you think was their position on divorce?
How would it have benefited the Pharisees to trick Jesus in to opposing Moses’ teaching?
How did Jesus reveal Moses’ real intention for allowing divorce?
What did Jesus mean in verse 9? Is divorce always adultery? What exception is given?
What is Jesus’ position on divorce and remarriage?
Should a divorced person be forgiven? Why or why not?
What do you think the disciples meant by their response “Then no one should marry.”?
Why should some renounce marriage for the kingdom of God? What does this mean?
How does this passage apply to singleness, marriage, divorce & remarriage today?
What is the warning in this passage?
What is the promise in this passage?
The Promise and Warning about God’s Care
Notes for March 9-10
Matthew 6:25-34
Biblical Background
Food, Clothing & Shelter: In the biblical world, most people lived in rural areas and didn’t have much beyond the basic necessities of life. Thus, when famines, storms, military occupation, or other difficulties hit, one’s very existence was at stake. Food, shelter and clothing were not taken for granted and there was much to stress about.
How much more: In Jewish teaching, one tool used was to compare and contrast with the expression, “how much more…” If God cared for even the little flowers in the field, how much more would he be concerned about human beings.
Perhaps purple flowers: Some have wondered if the flowers that would have matched the purple robe of Solomon and other royals would have been the purple anemones.
Hot summers: The beautiful flowers and green grasses of a Galilean spring time are quickly burned up by the hot summer sun in Israel.
The Gentiles seek after these things: Jesus is making a point in saying that the Gentiles (viewed as unclean by the Jews) sought after material things in contrast to the ways that people who know God shouldn’t have to worry about those things, but trust their God to provide.
Tomorrow: Following the days of Jesus, other Jewish writers used a similar expression about not worrying about tomorrow because today has enough troubles of its own.
Discussion Questions
What command does Jesus give to his disciples in this passage?
Why would the people in Jesus’ day been anxious about having enough food, clothing or shelter?
What do we worry about in our world today?
What is the “why” that Jesus gives for not being anxious about things?
Why is it important to know that God takes care of wild flowers?
How valuable are human beings compared to the rest of creation?
What does anxiety or worry demonstrate about us?
What is our Heavenly Father’s character like? How does Jesus use this in his argument?
How should we as Christians be different from the non-Christians in our world regarding worry? Is this the case? Why or why not?
How much time do we spend worrying about stuff?
What is the warning in this passage?
What is the remedy to anxiety for the Christian?
What does it mean to seek first God’s kingdom and His righteousness?
How does this passage connect to the Lord’s Prayer?
What is the promise in this passage?
How can we live out Jesus’ command not to worry?
The Promise and Warning about Giving
Notes for March 2-3
Matthew 6:1-4
Biblical Background
The Three components of Jewish Piety: In 1st century Judaism, prayer, fasting and giving were the three foundational ways that one could express one’s pursuit of God and desire to serve others. Jesus takes these three spiritual practices or habits and gets to the root of their motivation while at the same time encouraging his followers to continue practicing these important means of loving God and neighbor.
Rewards and Spiritual Habits: Jesus confirms the teachings of the Old Testament that encourage prayer, fasting and giving to the poor – recognizing that the while God may reward these practices in both earthly and heavenly ways, the reward is not the reason for doing them.
Jewish vs. Greek giving: In pagan Greek circles, giving wasn’t done for the purpose of charity or out of the idea of loving your neighbor, rather giving was done as a means for promoting one’s agenda politically, buying favors or getting in good with the gods. Thus, giving was done publicly in a way to call attention to one’s self. This is in opposition to Jewish teaching which Jesus affirms and then takes to an even deeper level.
Trumpets: These were used in public parades and other ceremonies to call attention to the fact that a dignitary was arriving. This image of calling attention to oneself is used by Jesus to magnify the issue.
Discussion Questions
What does it mean to practice one’s righteousness? Is this a good or bad thing? Why or why not?
What is the key principle that Jesus is introducing in verse 1?
Who is the person that sees our acts of righteousness and has the power to reward us for them?
How does knowing that God sees all (both our sin and our acts of righteousness) impact the way in which we live our lives?
Why is it important to know the character and nature of God when discussing good deeds, righteousness and things like this?
Notice that Jesus describes God as our Father in this passage. What is important about that?
What warning does Jesus give in regards to doing good deeds or “acts of righteousness”?
What is a hypocrite? Share some examples without attacking anyone.
Why do we like to be praised for our good deeds and giving?
Why do some churches put up memorial plaques in people’s honor for giving money to the church? Should they do this or not according to this passage of Scripture?
What warning does Jesus give about giving?
How do these warnings impact the way you think about your good deeds or giving to the poor? How do these warnings change the way that you practice good deeds and give?
Where does our reward come from when we give in secret? How does this compare to the rewards we receive when giving publicly for others to see?
Are there appropriate times to give publicly? If so, explain giving biblical precedent.
Watch the video: “Rock Pointe: A Church Giving Beyond Its Resources” and discuss.
The Promise and Warning about Forgiveness
Notes for Feb. 23-24
John 8:1-11
Biblical Background
Was this passage in the original manuscript of John?: You will find a note in your Bible typically just before John 7:53 which states something like, “The earliest manuscripts do not include John 7:53 – 8:11”. There is a scholarly discipline called “Textual Criticism,” in which “textual critics” compare the ancient copies that we have of the books of the Bible and seek to determine what was in the original manuscripts – in this case the Gospel written by the Apostle John. Fortunately, we have more ancient copies of the New Testament books than any other piece of ancient literature. This includes complete books, pieces of books, etc... By comparing these copies side by side, over time scholars have been able to determine with a very high degree of certainty what the original handwritten Gospel of John and other books of the Bible actually contained. Both liberal and conservative scholars agree that we can be certain of 99% of the original words of the Greek New Testament. The 1% of words or phrases that may have multiple possibilities are very minor in importance, not affecting the doctrine of Scripture or the teachings of the apostles. There are a few passages like this one in John 7:53 – 8:11 that are footnoted. In our passage today, most of the copies of the Gospel of John contain this passage, however, the oldest manuscripts that are still in existence today do not contain this passage. Thus, it is debated as to whether or not this passage was in the original manuscript written by John. Most scholars believe that it is an authentic event and may have been in the original, but since the oldest manuscripts don’t have it, they add this textual note.
Mount of Olives: This location is opposite on the mount/hill opposite the temple, just across the Kidron valley. This is where the home of Mary, Martha, and Lazarus was located and other friends of Jesus lived there. One would only need to walk down from the Mt. of Olives to the Garden of Gethsemane area and then back up to the temple mount area to arrive at the temple.
Adultery: The Jewish law required the death penalty for cases of adultery (the breaking of one of the Ten Commandments) and the execution of this sin was stoning. (Leviticus 20:10-11). This may seem harsh to us today, but the Levitical law of the Old Testament was far more gracious and lenient than the laws of the surrounding cultures which were far crueler and lacked a sense of balance in the justice being measured out. The sin of adultery tore apart the fabric of families and is also the analogy that God uses for the nation of Israel when they are unfaithful to him. Of course, God shows mercy to the adulteress (Israel) throughout the Old Testament, most strikingly in the book of Hosea. Jesus is representing his Father’s mercy and ethos in dealing with sinners, like those in the nation of Israel and in the church today.
Witnesses and Stoning: Witnesses were typically the first to throw stones at the convicted, however, false witnesses were served notice that if their testimony was found to be false that they could receive the same punishment that they were about to inflict (See Deuteronomy 17:7; 19;9).
What did Jesus write in the sand?: There has been much speculation about what Jesus wrote in the sand – whatever it was, it made an impact on the men in the crowd as they were confronted with their own sin. God wrote the Ten Commandments with His finger, so Jesus, being fully God and fully man is writing with His finger – a subtle sign of His deity.
Jesus doesn’t condone sin: Jesus demonstrates forgiveness of sin to the woman, but also is clear to her, “go and from now on, sin no more.” He calls her sin and the sin of the man a sin, but he offers a new path of freedom and grace.
Discussion Questions
Where does this event take place? Why is this significant?
What is Jesus doing when the Pharisees and Teachers of the Law bring the woman to him? Why is this significant?
What is the purpose of the question of the Pharisees to Jesus?
Describe the trap that the Pharisees have set for Jesus. What would be the consequences of what appears to be two choices for Jesus?
Read Leviticus 20:10-11. Does the law say that only the woman should be stoned for adultery? What does the law say?
Why would the sin of adultery be such an egregious sin against God and against the community?
How do we view adultery today in our culture? In the church?
What do you think the woman was feeling in this situation?
What was Jesus writing in the sand in response to the men’s question? What impact did it have on the men accusing the woman?
Who also in Scripture wrote word with His finger? Why is this significant? (Clue- The Ten Commandments)
What did Jesus say to the crowd? Why did it have such power? Who gave Jesus the authority to say something like this?
What is the warning that Jesus gives the crowd?
What are the promise and the warning that Jesus gives to the woman?
What can we learn for ourselves from this story? For our church?
How does knowing Jesus help us when we are caught in sin?
How can we help those who are caught in sin?
The Promise and Warning about the Holy Spirit
Notes for Feb. 9-10
John 14:15-26
Biblical Background
Holy Spirit in the Old Testament: Jesus’ disciples, with an understanding of the Hebrew Scriptures would have seen the Spirit of God at work in the creation (Genesis 1:2); in empowering leaders (Judges 3:10); inspiring artists (Exodus 35:31); and inspiring prophets (Numbers 11:29; Micah 3:8). Joel prophesied that the Spirit would be poured out on all people someday (Joel 2:28-32); and anoint the Messiah (Isaiah 11:2; 42:1). The Spirit is also mentioned in the Psalm 51:11.
Spirit of Truth: The Dead Sea Scrolls of the Jewish Essene community just prior to Jesus’s days on earth contrasted the Spirit of truth vs. the spirit of error.
Orphans in Bible times: Orphans were always at risk in Bible times as without family members, they would be forced to fend for themselves. Families were the key to getting one’s basic needs met.
Judas, not Iscariot: Judas was a common name in the 1st century (coming from the tribe of Judah). This Judas was also known as Thaddeus in Matthew 10:3; Mark 3:18. It was common for people to be called by different names as it is today. Peter the apostle was also known as Simon.
Israel and the commandments: Israel had been given a special revelation from God and had the Law - the commandments by which to live. However, without the power of the Spirit of God it is impossible to obey the commandments.
Love and Obedience: If we love Jesus will obey Him, through the power of the Spirit – the Helper.
Discussion Questions
How can we best demonstrate our love for Jesus Christ?
Why do you think this idea is repeated numerous times in this passage?
Why does obedience to Jesus’s commands demonstrate our love for him? Explain
In what way does the Great Commission (Matthew 28:18-20) reflect the connection between love and obedience?
What can we assume if people who call themselves Christians are willfully disobeying Jesus’ teaching and living in counter to His commands?
What warnings are in this passage? How do they change the way you think about your own life, the lives of others?
What promises are in this passage? How do they change the way you think about your own life, the lives of others?
How does Jesus set an example for us in obedience and love?
What do we learn about the Holy Spirit in this passage? List His roles and attributes found in this passage.
Knowing the Holy Spirit’s role in our lives, how does this encourage you?
What is the relationship between God the Father, God the Son and God the Holy Spirit as seen in this passage?
What is the difference between the way God gives peace and the world views peace?
Who is the prince of the world? What power does he have over Jesus according to this passage? Why is this important to know as a believer?
What hope do you get from this passage? What practical application does it have for your life today?
How can you share this hope with others this week?
The Promise and Warning about Heaven
Notes for January 26-27
John 14:1-14
Biblical Background
“Do not fear: Jesus echoes the command heard throughout the Old Testament – Don’t be afraid, (don’t let your hearts be troubled) but rather believe in God.
Believe in me: Jesus is clearly claiming to be God with this statement.
Homes in Israel: In the biblical world, families often lived in a multi-generational situation. When a child got married, the father would build another set of rooms around the courtyard of the family compound so that his children and grandchildren would have a place to live near him. This may be the background to Jesus’ statements that, “In My Father’s House there are many rooms… I go to prepare a place for you.”
I will come again: Jesus will ascend after the resurrection and prepare a place for His disciples. Then He will return and bring them all into his heavenly home.
Thomas the apostle: The Gospel of John mentions Thomas often in various stories, whereas in the other Gospels, he is only mentioned as one of the Twelve. Thomas was the disciple who was always asking for clarification and is the one who got the moniker in church history as “doubting Thomas.” In many ways, this is unfair, as once Thomas believed, he went on to share the Gospel with many and is renowned as the person who took the Gospel to India.
Philip: Philip was from Bethsaida on the Sea of Galilee and knew the region well. This apostle, is a different Philip from the one mentioned in Acts who was a deacon in the early church.
Disciples asked questions of rabbis for clarification: Jewish teaching uses questions both from the rabbi and the disciples to clarify and learn. The mind is more active when asking question than when just listening without any interaction. Jesus encourages questions and uses them as a teaching tool.
The Way, The Truth and The Life: Jesus affirms that He is the only way to God. The exclusivity of Jesus’ claim puts him in a position different from all other religious leaders. This is a central tenet of Christian faith and also the reason that it is so important to share the Good News of Christ with others – there is no other way by which they may be saved.
Discussion Questions
Jesus has just told the disciples that He will be leaving them. What does Jesus tell them to do in response to his upcoming departure?
What is Jesus saying about Himself when He says, “Believe in God; believe in me.”? What are the implications for you as you read this?
Where is Jesus going? What is the purpose for His imminent departure from the disciples?
What do we learn about heaven – the place that Jesus is going – from this passage?
What is Thomas asking Jesus? Put it in your own words
What is Jesus’ answer? Put it in your own words.
What is Jesus’ warning inherent in his answer to Thomas? How does this affect my life today
What is the promise in Jesus’ answer inherent in his answer to Thomas? How does this affect the way I live?
What is Philip’s question? Put it in your own words.
What is Jesus’ point about His relationship with the Father? Why is this important?
What evidence does Jesus give for His claims?
What are the promises in vv. 12-14 that Jesus makes to His disciples – you and me?
What would be your response to a colleague or neighbor who made the statement, “There are many ways to God.” Or “All religions lead to God.”
Knowing that putting one’s trust in Jesus is the only way to get to heaven, how does this change the way in which you live your life? Share the truth of the Gospel with others?
Pray that the Lord would give you an opportunity to tell someone this week about Jesus and His claim to be the way, the truth and the life.
The Promise and Warning About Fruitful Living
Notes for January 26-27
John 15:1-17
Biblical Background
“Abide”: This word in the Greek is the verb form of “dwelling place.” In the Old Testament God promises to dwell with His people – the people who are obedient to the covenant (Ex. 25:8; Ezekiel 37:27-28)
Israel/Jesus’ Disciples as a Vineyard or Vine: The imagery of God’s people as a vineyard or vine can be seen in the Old Testament (Hosea 10:1; Psalm 80:8). The clear meaning of this picture is that Jesus’ disciples (the branches) are dependent for their strength, nourishment and life from Jesus (the Vine).
Dead Branches: A good farmer or gardener removes the dead branches from the plants and burns them. This is a graphic reminder that those who choose not to trust Jesus with their life will lose it. There is a punishment for turning away from God – eternal separation in hell.
Joy: Joy comes from obeying and following God’s commandments as a response to God’s love for us. The world tells us otherwise, but God’s ways bring true fulfillment and joy in life.
Greek and Roman Stories: Greek and Roman literature viewed the act of dying for one’s friend as heroic and was the greatest act of friendship. An example is story in which Pythias offered to be killed in place of his friend Damon, or the story in which Achilles goes into battle to avenge the death of his best friend Patroclus. These heroic friendship stories would have been known by many within the Hellenistic Jewish community.
Friendship in Roman times: The Greeks and Romans valued friendship and emphasized an equality of standing and ability to share intimately with others. Loyalty was the primary attribute of friendship in this culture. Servants were not considered on the same level as a friend.
Friends of God: In the Old Testament, Abraham and Moses were called, “friends of God,” attesting to their intimate relationship with God.
Jewish rabbis didn’t choose their disciples – Jesus did: In 1st century Judaism, disciples would choose the rabbi that they wanted to follow. In Jesus’ case, however, he chose his disciples – he took the initiative.
Chosen by God: Judaism emphasized the idea that the Jewish people were the “chosen people,” those chosen by God to represent God to the world.
Discussion Questions
In the analogy of the Vinedresser, the Vine and the Branches, identify who Jesus is talking about. Then take time to discuss the role of each person in this analogy?
What does it mean for a disciple of Jesus to bear fruit? What does this look like?
How do we abide in Jesus Christ?
Why would God cut off those who do not abide in Jesus Christ?
What warning is being given here to those who decide not to follow Christ? How is this message perceived in our culture today?
How are you responding to this warning?
What is the blessing that can come from abiding in Jesus? What does this look like?
What is Jesus’ commandment to his disciples?
How did Jesus love his disciples? Give examples
What can we learn from Jesus’ love for his disciples?
How can you and I lay down our lives for our friends on a daily basis?
What does it mean to you to be a friend of Jesus? How does this affect your everyday life?
How does it make you feel to know that Jesus chose you rather than the other way around?
Why would Jesus tell us to ask the Father for things? How did Jesus model this?
Share examples in which you have seen people lay down their lives for others as Christ commanded.
The Promise and Warning About Eternal Life
Notes for January 19-20
John 3:16-21
Biblical Background
Only Son (Only Begotten Son): the Greek words mean “special, beloved,” and were often refer in Jewish literature to Isaac in regards to Abraham’s willingness to offer up his “special, and beloved” son.
Eternal Life: The Greek can be literally translated, “the life of the world to come.”
Present Tense of “Have Eternal Life”: This indicates that the person who trusts Jesus Christ immediately is in a state of eternal life – it is immediately applied to the present.
God’s Sacrifice of His Son: There is nothing that can compare to the sacrifice which God has made on behalf of humankind through Jesus Christ. His love is immeasurable and infinite as expressed in a number of passages in the Hebrew Scriptures including: (Ex. 34:6-7; Hosea 11:1-4).
Light and Darkness: Jewish literature often contrasted the darkness of evil with the light of God. The Dead Sea Scrolls of the Essene Community in the 1st Century BC reflect this concept.
He who is from above: All human beings originate from earth –God comes from above.
Signet Rings: In 1st Century times, men would officially testify to something by pouring hot wax on a document and then pressing their signet ring into the wax – making their mark and authenticating their witness to the document.
He Who Gives the Spirit without measure: Only God has unlimited authority to give the Spirit of God
The Son as Judge: The Son has authority to judge and to send people to heaven or hell. Jesus is an awesome Person to be reckoned with.
Discussion Questions
What do you learn about the character of God from verses 16-18?
What does God want to do?
How is a person condemned? What does it mean to be condemned?
Why is important to know about the possibility of condemnation for a human being before Almighty God?
Why are people today, even in the church sometimes, shy about talking about the judgment of God?
What is the condition for being saved from condemnation? How does one do this?
What does it mean that Light has come into the world?
Why do people love darkness and doing evil? Have you ever loved doing evil? Why or Why not?
What is the indication that a person has trusted Jesus Christ?
How can we discern whether or not a person has given their lives to Jesus Christ? What should we see? What if we don’t see signs of the Light in the actions of a person?
In verse 31, who is the one who comes from above?
What power and authority has Jesus been given on earth?
When you think of Jesus do you think of Him as the all-powerful, judge over all the earth? Why is it important to understand this role of Jesus?
How does this passage impact the way in which you talk with others about Jesus?
What are you doing about sharing the Gospel, when knowing the wrath of God remains on many of your friends and neighbors?
The Death of Jesus
Notes for December 15-16, 2018
Matthew 27:27-31
Biblical Background
Pilate, Governor: Just recently, one of Pilate’s rings was identified from an archaeological dig of “The Herodian,” one of Herod’s palaces outside of Jerusalem. The ring has the inscription of Pilate’s name on it and is just one more piece of evidence which backs up the historical accuracy of the biblical text.
Governor’s HQ: Pilate, the Roman governor of the time would have stayed in Herod the Great’s former palace which was a lavish, spacious residence in Jerusalem.
Roman soldiers: The duty of executing punishments fell to the Roman soldiers, many of whom were from other parts of the Roman Empire. Their cruel ways, mockery, and the way in which they went about the lashings and eventual crucifixion reflect the sinful nature of mankind. There were around 600 of them stationed around Pilate’s HQ.
Scarlet Robe: The color of scarlet was the color of royalty and was made from the murex sea snail, an expensive dye. The robe was put on Jesus as a way of mocking the idea that he was a king.
Crown of Thorns: There are a number of thorny plants in the Jerusalem area that could have been used to make this cruel crown that would have pierced Jesus’ head and caused severe pain. Again it is used to make a mockery of Jesus’ kingship.
Via Dolorosa – The Way of Suffering: Jesus walked a path from the Governor’s palace that eventually led to his crucifixion on Golgotha. Christians around the world memorialize this painful walk of redemptive suffering by Jesus through the “stations of the cross.” Part of this tradition are from Scripture and others are from church tradition.
Crucifixion: This was the most painful and shameful means for a person to be executed in the Roman world. Jesus was stripped naked (shaming him in front of all), he would be put on display for all to see, unable to control his bodily functions, his body already in extreme pain from the beatings and torture, and eventually he would die from asphyxiation, unable to pull himself up to breathe. In some cases, the person would be on the cross for 2-3 days in agony.In the case of Jesus’ death, he went on his own timing, having died from the weight of the sin of the world.The other criminals crucified on Jesus’ left and right had their death’s hastened by the breaking of their legs which made it impossible for them to continue to raise themselves up for air.
Discussion Questions
Read Matthew 27:11-26 to get the background of the scene. Who are the players in this tragedy? What roles do they play?
Who is responsible for Jesus’ crucifixion?
Now read our passage, Matthew 27:27-31.
Why were the Roman soldiers given the job of crucifying Jesus?
What is the meaning of their antics? Giving Jesus a scarlet robe, a crown of thorns, etc…?
Who did the Roman soldiers think of Jesus? How did they reflect the crowd’s animosity?
What feelings do you have after picturing this scene? Describe
In what ways is Jesus mocked today in the world?
Why is it important to reflect upon the death of Jesus during the Advent season?
What do we know from the birth narratives of Jesus that would point to His eventual atoning sacrifice for us on the cross?
Herod the Great played a role in trying to kill Jesus as a baby. How does the fact that Pilate made the decision to turn over Jesus to the Jewish leaders in Herod’s former palace fit in the story?
As you think about the birth of Jesus this Christmas, take time to thank Jesus for His obedience to His calling which included the pain and suffering of the cross.
How might you share the good news of Jesus and His sacrificial love for them during the Christmas season?Share some ideas and then intentionally do them.
The Life of Jesus
Notes for December 8-9, 2018
Luke 4:16-30
Biblical Background
Nazareth: Jesus was born in Bethlehem (House of Bread), fled to Egypt as a toddler with his parents, and once Herod was dead, his parents moved back to their home town of Nazareth. It is in the north of Israel to the West of the Sea of Galilee. It is estimated that it had between 1,600 – 2,000 people and so was a small town in which Jesus would have been known as one of the boys who had grown up there to be a man.
Reading of Scriptures: Since Jesus had grown up in Nazareth, people knew that he could read and he had most likely read before. One read the Torah Scroll standing up, but would sit down to teach (sitting in the seat of Moses). Often readers would read in Hebrew and then paraphrase it in Aramaic so that all could understand.
Torah Scroll: Synagogues had a special scroll that was kept in a box or closet for safe keeping. It was brought out for the reading of the Torah and often would be opened up to a passage for that day to read. So, it may be that Jesus just read the passage assigned or chose the passage from Isaiah. The scroll would be rolled open to a particular passage – thus one couldn’t flip to pages of another book very quickly as in our books.
Isaiah 61:1-2: the future of Israel is described as a Year of Jubilee, a concept developed in Leviticus 25. This was a year in which debts were forgiven, land given back, etc… It was a year to celebrate and start fresh again.
Fulfilled in your hearing: Jesus is stating clearly that He has is the fulfillment of this prophecy that had been written approximately 700 years prior to this reading. Imagine waiting that long for something to happen – you’d be surprised too!
Isn’t this Joseph’s son?: In Judaism, one was known by one’s father. They are surprised that a local boy, would make such a claim, after all, they had known him all of his life. How could he be so special?
Israel rejects its prophets: Israel had a history of rejecting and mistreating its prophets i.e. Jeremiah.
The marginalized of society: Jesus mentions the widows, sick, and even the non-Jews – the dirty Gentiles from Sidon and Syria.
Anger of the masses: Crowd rage takes over and they seek to throw him off a cliff or stone him. This wasn’t legal, but rage took over.
Jesus unharmed: Jesus is protected supernaturally by the Lord.
Discussion Questions
Read Luke 4:14-15 to get the context of Jesus’ reading of the Torah. What change takes place from the way he is treated prior to returning to Nazareth versus the way he is treated in his home town? Why do you think this happens?
What is significant about Jesus reading from Isaiah 61:1-2? What is Jesus stating after he finishes the reading from the Torah scroll?
What is the 5-fold mission of Jesus according to this passage in Isaiah that he reads?
How does Jesus fulfill this mission during his time on earth? Now?
How did the people respond to Jesus’ statement that He had fulfilled the prophecy in Isaiah 61?
What do the proverbs that Jesus states in vv. 23 mean?
Have you ever noted that people are treated differently in their home town than in a new place? Why is this?
Why do the people go from amazement to anger?
Who are the Gentiles? Why were they despised by the Jews?
What can we learn from this story about Jesus’ view of people?
How are we to carry on Jesus’ 5-fold mission?
How can we carry out Jesus’ 5-fold mission in Greater Washington, the US and the world?
The Birth of Jesus
Notes for December 1-2, 2018
Luke 2:1-7
Biblical Background
Censuses: The Romans took censuses every 14 years to keep track of the populace and more importantly to be sure that they were receiving their tax revenue.
Caesar: There is a contrast between the great earthly Roman “King” or “Caesar” and the “King of Kings” who comes to earth by humbling Himself to become a fetus in the womb of Mary and eventually be born – taking on human flesh.
Date for the birth of Christ: Our current Western calendar was based on the birth of Christ – B.C. – “Before Christ” and A.D. – “Anno Domini” Latin for “the year of our Lord”. However, scholars are not sure of the exact date for Christ’s birth – putting it somewhere between 4 B.C. and 6 A.D. However the names of Caesar and also Quirinius, Governor of Syria and Herod the Great place the birth within the historical context of this time period. Christianity is different from some religions in that historical context and time and place are important since they show the consistent work of God throughout history – as God’s plan for the redemption of the world unfolds. It adds credibility to the historicity of Jesus Christ – something no reputable scholar would question. It is clear that Jesus is not a legend or folklore hero made up by people. He was born into this world and lived during this time period.
Bethlehem, the home of David’s line: the name means “House of Bread.” It was the home of David the shepherd boy who became the king of Israel. Joseph was a descendant of David and while he lived in Nazareth in Galilee where he met Mary, his ancestral home was Bethlehem. As well, he probably had some kind of family property in Bethlehem (land, house, etc…) since the Romans would base their taxes in part on this property. Of course, the Messiah was to come from the line of David, so Christ’s birth in Bethlehem and the fact that both Joseph and his mother, Mary descended from the tribe of Judah and from the family line of David is important for the fulfillment of the Old Testament prophecies.
Betrothed: The Jewish betrothal was a very serious engagement period in which a couple and their families prepared for marriage. Sexual intercourse was forbidden during this period as the first act of sexual intimacy was reserved for the wedding night. Thus, the fact that Mary was pregnant was scandalous. Joseph, knowing that he had not had sexual relations with Mary, had to be told in a dream that Mary had been impregnated by the Holy Spirit (Matthew 1:18-25). This gave Joseph the courage and fortitude to travel with Mary and remain committed to her during the betrothal period.
Swaddling clothes: These were clothes that were wrapped tightly around a baby to keep him snug and secure.
Manger and cave: This was a feeding trough used by animals. This indicates that Mary gave birth in a stable – probably a rock cave carved into the hillside – common in Bethlehem. The stable is a humble place for the King of Kings to be born into this world – another image of the humility of Jesus.
“Inn”: The Greek word used here refers to a guest room rather than to a hotel or “inn” as we think of it in the Christmas pageants. Normally Mary and Joseph would have stayed with relatives, but it appears in this case that due to the census, there was no room for them to stay, even with relatives – except in the stable.
Discussion Questions
Why is it important that Luke includes the mention Caesar Augustus and Quirinius, Governor of Syria, in this story?
What was the purpose of a Roman census?
Why did Joseph and Mary leave Galilee and go to Bethlehem?
What is Bethlehem known for in the Old Testament? What do we know about Bethlehem?
Why is the fact that Joseph belongs to the line of King David important to the story?
What was the cultural perspective on a young woman being pregnant before her marriage?
Why do you think Joseph was willing to remain committed to the pregnant Mary, knowing that he was not responsible for her pregnancy?
How is Mary’s pregnancy different from any other pregnancy in history? How is it the same as any other pregnancy?
Describe the scene of Jesus’ birth based on this passage in Luke.
Read Malachi 5:1-6: How is this Old Testament prophecy fulfilled through the birth of Jesus Christ?
Read Psalm 2: How is this Old Testament prophecy fulfilled through the birth of Jesus Christ?
How does the understanding of the many prophetic fulfillments through the birth, life and death of Jesus Christ impact your faith?
Familiar passages like this one which is read every Advent season can often become “old hat.” What have you learned or been inspired by as you’ve looked at this passage again?
Pray for ways to share your faith in the “King of Kings” with your non-Christian colleagues and neighbors during this season of Advent.